IELTS Writing Task 2: วิธีเขียน Introduction และ Conclusion

วันนี้อยากมารวมบทเรียนเรื่องการเขียน Introduction & Conclusion ของ IELTS Writing Task 2 ไว้ในหน้าเดียวครับ

Intro ให้จบใน 2 ประโยค

Intro มีหน้าที่เตรียมพร้อมผู้อ่านว่ากำลังจะเจออะไรใน Body และถ้าเข้าใจวิธีเขียนที่ถูกต้อง เราสามารถจบ Intro ได้ใน 2 ประโยค — ประโยคแรก Paraphrase โจทย์ และประโยคที่สองตอบคำถามหรือระบุจุดยืนแบบคร่าวๆ โดยไม่ต้องอธิบายรายละเอียดแทน Body

คะแนนหลักของ Task 2 ไม่ได้อยู่ที่การทำ Intro ให้ยาว แต่ควรเก็บเวลาไว้กับ Body และการตรวจทานครับ

Conclusion ทำหน้าที่อะไร?

Conclusion มีหน้าที่สรุปหรือยืนยันคำตอบเดิมอีกครั้ง ไม่ใช่ใส่ไอเดียใหม่ โดยแนวทางที่ใช้สอนคือพยายามเขียนให้กระชับใน 1 ประโยค

เหตุผลคือ ถ้าเราใช้เวลากับ Intro และ Conclusion มากเกินไป จะเหลือเวลาสำหรับ Body และการตรวจทานน้อยลง และการใส่เหตุผลใหม่ใน Conclusion อาจทำให้งานเขียนสับสน

ตัวอย่าง: แปลง Conclusion 3 ประโยคให้เหลือ 1 ประโยค

ตัวอย่างที่ยาวเกินความจำเป็น: In conclusion, constructing new railway tracks ought to be promoted. However, that is not necessarily the case. It seems to me for the reasons mentioned above that improving current public transport brings about much more benefits.

ตัวอย่าง 1 ประโยคที่ดี: In conclusion, I would argue that we should embrace the idea of improving the quality of current public transport rather than constructing new railway lines for the high speed trains.

ขอสรุปประเด็นนี้ไว้ตรงๆ ว่า Get to the point — ถ้าสิ่งที่ต้องการสื่อคือควรพัฒนาขนส่งสาธารณะมากกว่าสร้างรถไฟความเร็วสูง ก็ไม่จำเป็นต้องเขียนวกไปวนมาครับ

ตัวอย่าง Intro แบบจบใน 2 ประโยค

โจทย์: Disruptive school students have a negative influence on others. Students who are noisy and disobedient should be grouped together and taught separately. To what extent do YOU agree or disagree?

Keywords จากโจทย์: Disruptive school students / grouped and taught separately / YOU agree or disagree?

ประโยค 1 — Paraphrase: Opinions are divided as to whether troublesome school students should be separated from other students.

ประโยค 2 — ตอบว่าเห็นด้วย: I completely agree that this kind of arrangement would be a good idea.

ตัวอย่าง Intro & Conclusion จากโจทย์จริง

1) ทดลองกับแบคทีเรียและไวรัส — Discuss Both Views

โจทย์: Some people believe that it is valuable for society to experiment with bacteria and viruses while others feel this is dangerous and should not be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Intro: People have different views as to whether it would be beneficial to conduct experiments on bacteria and viruses. In my opinion, although there are several drawbacks of experimenting with these germs, I firmly believe that it brings about much more benefits.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems to me that the advantages of exploring the germs far outweigh the disadvantages.

2) GM Foods — Agree / Disagree

โจทย์: One of the most important issues facing the world today is a shortage of food and some think genetically modified foods are a possible solution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro: People have different views as to whether genetically modified foods will help tackle the lack of food in many parts of the world. In my opinion, although there are several drawbacks of gm foods, I firmly believe that it brings about much more benefits.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems to me that the advantages of gm foods far outweigh the disadvantages.

3) คอมพิวเตอร์แปลภาษาได้แล้ว ยังต้องเรียนภาษาต่างประเทศไหม? — Agree / Disagree

โจทย์: Computers today can quickly and accurately translate languages, therefore, it is a waste of time to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro: Many people have come to believe that computers have eliminated the need for us to learn a foreign language. In my opinion, despite the fact that there are many reasons to believe that it is not necessary to learn a second language, I believe that there are other significant factors that people should take into account.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems to me that there are many other aspects in which computers fail to replace the need to learn a foreign language.

4) Advertising — Discuss Both Views

โจทย์: Some people say that advertising is extremely successful at persuading us to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so common that we no longer pay attention to it. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Intro: People have different views as to whether advertising manipulates them to buy unnecessary things rather than what they really need. Despite the fact that some people would buy products based on their real needs, I believe that advertising plays a vital role in convincing most people what they should buy.

5) Owning a home — Two-part Question

โจทย์: In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people. Why might this be the case? Do you think this is a positive or negative situation?

Intro เดิม: There has been a rise in the number of home owners in many countries. There are various reasons why a huge number of people prefer to own a home than to rent one, and there are both a benefit and a drawback.

Conclusion เดิม: In conclusion, more people have decided to own a home and it has been a positive and negative development.

6) เด็กถูกสอนว่า “ถ้าพยายามมากพอทำอะไรก็ได้” — Advantages / Disadvantages

โจทย์: In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough. What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message?

Intro: People in many countries believe children should be taught that anything is possible if they persevere. There are both drawbacks and benefits in doing this.

7) Advances in agriculture แต่คนยังหิว — Problem / Solution

โจทย์: In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry. Why is this the case? What can be done about this problem?

Paraphrased versions: Despite improvements regarding agricultural practices, there are still a lot of people who do not have enough food to eat. There are various reasons why a huge number of people still suffer from lack of food, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue.

8) Free university education — Balanced vs Strong Opinion

โจทย์: Some people think that all people should have a university level education and governments should pay for all people with any financial background. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Paraphrased: Opinions are divided as to whether governments should offer free university education for all people regardless of their financial background.

Balanced Opinion: In my opinion, while there are disadvantages of free university education, I believe that it brings about much more advantages.

Strong Opinion: Opinions are divided as to whether governments should offer free university education for all people regardless of their financial background. In my opinion, I completely agree that this kind of arrangement would be a good idea.

Balanced Conclusion: In conclusion, I can understand why some people might still argue against free university education, but it seems to me that its benefits far outweigh the drawbacks.

Strong Conclusion: In conclusion, I wholly believe that university education is essential and that it should be made free for all people by governments.

9) Richer countries แต่ยังมีคนจน — Two-part Question

Intro: Despite the fact that a number of nations are getting wealthier, there are still a lot of poor people in these societies. There are various reasons why the gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue.

Conclusion: In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problem caused by income disparity between rich and poor people as economies continue to prosper.

10) Internet-based courses vs university-based courses

Intro: Opinions are divided as to whether Internet-based courses are more effective than university-based courses. Despite the fact that there are some benefits to taking Internet-based courses, I believe that university-based courses are usually more productive.

Conclusion: In conclusion, I would argue that the advantages to taking university-based courses do outweigh that of Internet-based courses.

11) Petrol price — Two-part Question

โจทย์: Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?

ข้อนี้ต้องตอบ 2 คำถาม: เห็นด้วยหรือไม่กับการขึ้นราคาน้ำมัน และมีวิธีอื่นใดที่ช่วยแก้ปัญหาได้

Intro: Opinions are divided as to whether the petrol price should be increased to solve the problems, which are the traffic congestion and pollution. In my opinion, it would definitely make the matters worse if petrol prices are raised as there are other more constructive methods.

Conclusion: In conclusion, although increasing the oil price will seem to be a good solution, there are other more effective measures to solve the problems.

12) Sharing information — Discuss Both Views

โจทย์: Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Intro: People have different views as to whether the information in the areas of scientific research, business and academic should be distributed freely. Despite the fact that there are drawbacks to sharing such information freely, I believe that it brings about more benefits.

13) Children making their own decisions — เขียน Conclusion ใน 2 นาที

Intro: Opinions are divided as to whether permitting children to decide on daily matters should be encouraged. Despite the fact that there are drawbacks to allowing children to make their own decisions, I believe that it brings much more benefits.

Conclusion: In conclusion, although allowing children to make their own decision could contribute to selfishness and self-centeredness, it seems to me that it will stand them in a good stead.

Conclusion สามารถ Paraphrase ใจความของประโยคที่ 2 ใน Intro ได้โดยไม่ต้องเพิ่มไอเดียใหม่

14) High-speed rail vs public transport — เขียน Intro + Conclusion ภายใน 2 นาที

Intro: Opinions are divided as to whether the public funds ought to be used in building new railway tracks for high speed trains between cities. Despite the fact that there are benefits of better public transport, I believe that governments should invest money in high speed tracks.

Conclusion: In conclusion, I would argue that we should embrace the idea of the construction of new railway lines for the high speed trains rather than improving the quality of current public transport.

เราควรฝึกจนสามารถเขียน Intro และเตรียม Conclusion จากการ Paraphrase ใจความเดิมได้เร็วขึ้น เพื่อเหลือเวลาให้ Body มากกว่าเดิม

15) Museum admission — ตัวอย่าง Conclusion 1 ประโยค

Intro: Opinions are divided as to whether people should be required to pay when visiting museums. In my opinion, while there are drawbacks of museum entrance fees, I believe that it brings about much more benefits.

Conclusion: In conclusion, I can understand why some people might not want to spend money when visiting museums, but it seems to me that advantages of museum admission charges far outweigh the disadvantages.

16) Happiness — Intro ของ Two-part Question

โจทย์: Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?

1st sentence: All of us want to be happy and we all do whatever it takes just to feel that.

2nd sentence — version 1: While a variety of components may lead to (contribute to) happiness, it has never been easy to explain its exact meaning.

2nd sentence — version 2: Despite the fact that it is not easy to describe happiness, there are many elements which contribute to happiness/us being happy.